The variations in practice are in part due to differences in recommended vitamin and mineral intakes between expert groups and a lack of evidence supporting the recommendations for supplementations. There was significant variation between neonatal units in vitamin and mineral supplementation practices, which may contribute to certain micronutrient intakes above or below recommended ranges for gestational ages or birth weights. More than one-third of units reported routine supplementations of other micronutrients, including calcium, phosphate, vitamin E, and folic acid. Up to 10% of units prescribed 6 mg/kg/day for inpatients and at discharge. For iron, 83% of respondents prescribed within the recommended intake range of 2–3 mg/kg/day for inpatients. Two units prescribed 900–1000 IU/day at discharge. For inpatients, all units prescribed between 400 and 500 IU/day vitamin D, compared to a recommended intake range of 400–1000 IU/day. In 2018, a two-part electronic survey was emailed to 50 Australasian Neonatal Dietitians Network (ANDiN) member and nonmember dietitians working in neonatal units in Australia and New Zealand. The aim of this survey was to investigate current vitamin and mineral supplementation practices and compare these with published recommendations and available evidence on dosages and long-term outcomes of supplementations in preterm infants.

Preterm infants are at increased risk of micronutrient deficiencies as a result of low body stores, maternal deficiencies, and inadequate supplementations.

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